Sunday, February 2, 2020
Chapter 5 ( second half ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Chapter 5 ( second half ) - Essay Example In such a way, this brief analysis will mention and seek to quickly note why these questions are of importance as well as seek to underscore the key components of the chapter that were the most interesting with regards to this particular student. Firstly, the authors raise the question of what degree consciousness plays into an understanding of self. It can of course be understood that without a base line level of consciousness that any self actualization whatsoever would be impossible. However, this is not specifically what the authors are referencing. Rather, they seek to raise the question and present information with regards to the degree that individual consciousness helps to define and differentiate understandings and representations of self within broader psychology and society. Tangentially, a further question is raised alongside this with regards to the universality of this consciousness and whether or not it varies, and to what degree, among individuals. Naturally, it can be assumed that consciousness varies precipitously; however, when acquiescing to this, the stakeholder must realize that giving too broad a range to human consciousness weakens to the level and extent to which the interpretation of the ââ¬Å"self â⬠can be universally verified and defined. Yet, by the same token, too weak an understanding of the role that this consciousness plays lends the stakeholder to de-emphasize its overall importance. Furthermore, the chapter references the means by which the ââ¬Å"selfâ⬠is an ever growing and expansive reality. Ultimately, memory and the psychological interpretation of self is in an ever evolving metamorphosis. As a means of drawing a further level of understanding to this question, the authors present a variety of different psychological scholars that have performed studies and presented theories with regards to the ways in which different stages of human development and memory retention
Saturday, January 25, 2020
Cell Phones :: essays research papers
Cell Phones! à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à à What Causes Mobile Phone Radiation and How Does it Effect Your Body? Why is it so popular with young teenagers today? What problems do Mobile phones cause? Walking around in school to walking around at the shopping centre with your mobile phone may seem fashionable and trendy, but did you know that it might be causing you to get a cancer and brain damage threw lost of memory? . Many mobile phone holders do not realize it and it should be something everyone should be aware of. It may seem a bit unusually how a Mobile phone can cause a child or an adult to get cancer, but it is true. New evidence is growing fast about health risks from mobile phones ââ¬â electromagnetic radiation. These devices can be used to make telephone calls from almost any country in the world to another. à à à à à There are a growing number of unconfirmed reports of individuals whose health has been affected after chronic, frequent use of mobile phones, presumably from radiation effects on brain cells. There are two types of phones, one has the antenna mounted on the handset and the other has the antenna mounted on a separate transmitter or, if the telephone is installed in a vehicle, mounted on the roof or rear window. Communication between a mobile telephone and the nearest base station is achieved by the microwave emissions from the antenna. Concerns have been raised about the type of mobile telephone that has the antenna in the handset. In this case, the antenna is very close to the user's head during normal use of the telephone and there is concern about the level of microwave emissions to which the brain is being exposed. Media reports have claimed that up to 2/3 of the microwave emissions from hand- held mobile telephones may be absorbed in the user's head. Those telephones that have th e antenna mounted elsewhere are of no concern, since exposure levels decrease rapidly with increasing distance from the antenna also Cordless telephones, which need to be operated within about 20 meters of a base unit that is connected directly to the telephone system do not have any health concerns associated with their use because exposure levels are very low. There is no clear evidence in the existing scientific literature that the use of digital or analogue mobile telephones poses a long-term public health hazard.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Hinduism and Mahabharata
Reflections From The Mahabharata Jeremy Bartel The Mahabharata is one long detailed epic, it is one of the oldest books the world has. However The Mahabharata is more than just collection of verses and poems, it illustrates beliefs and religious views of this ancient society. Some of the major themes are,ethics of right and wrong,and wrestling with ones place and how to act accordingly in their caste system,and of course at the end trying to figure what our purpose is in life not just individually but universally.All of these examples suggests and leads one to believe without a doubt that the epic was written with intent of reflecting on the social, and religious beliefs at that time. So how does the Mahabharata reflect on the religious and social values of this ancient society that created it? The Mahabharata has one overarching theme that sums up the whole epic, that being the theme of fulfilling your sacred duty. This is known throughout the hindu culture as dharma, and according to their law everyone is assigned to a role within the caste system.The Mahabharata is all about achieving your sacred duty, or suffering the consequences of failing to accomplish your task. One specific example of this is when Arjuna is struggling with attacking and killing who he considers close friends and family during the war. However Krishna is there remind him that it is his dharma to carry out his role as a warrior. Most of the main characters belong to this warrior caste and all must carry out their duties of honor and bravery in accordance to that caste.This theme of dharma goes way beyond just the book but it is a main focal point in hindu religion and thinking. Which most likely why it was such a huge factor in the book, because to the people who created this book that was highest goal to achieve. During this great speech given to Arjuna by Krishna he discusses what it means to seek renunciation, and relinquishment. Krishna tells Arjuna that renunciation is ââ¬Å"giving up those works which are prompted by desire. â⬠Krishna also explains what is meant by relinquishment, which means ââ¬Å"the abandonment of fruits of all works. The message he is teaching Arjuna goes back to his role or duties within his caste. Arjuna must not think that he is destroying anyone or killing them but simply sending them to heaven, because every soul is immortal and simply takes a new form. So because of this Arjuna must rise up and fulfill his Ksatriya or warrior role and destroy his enemies because that his is caste in life. These ideals are very similar to that of the hindu religion in regards of reincarnation, where a soul is immortal and does not perish but comes back to take a different form in a new caste.Evidence like this only suggests that religion was a major factor in writing this epic, and was the main themes of the hindu religion are seen as main themes throughout this composition of literature. The other major evidence that points towards this text reflecting the religious and social values of the society that created it was the question of purpose in life after the war. Once the war was over Yudhishthira, decides that he does not want to rule over this land because of all the violence and losses of men.He is saddened at the thought of so many dead he says ââ¬Å"I caused the destruction of my kinsman and the cause of extermination of my own race. â⬠The message of duty completing ones sacred duty is heard again, this time it is Bhima who is reassuring the king that his deeds were necessary. This idea dharma is illustrated yet again which shows just how important it is to the people who created this story. They would not have continually brought up the cultural belief of dharma if it was not an integral part of their society and religious beliefs.To seek a purification for all his sins Yudhishthira performs a sacrifice of a horse, which would purge him of all his wrongdoings. Once this ceremony was over did he go back in to the city to rule. This part of the Mahabharata is a lot like the vedas we discussed in class which was a normal practice of the people who were living in this time period. Vedas were ritual sacrifices used for reasons much like that of Yudhishthira to purify oneself and it yet again more proof that the Mahabharata reflects greatly on social and religious values of that society.Many years go by and after the death of other characters Yudhishthira embarks on an asceticism journey which after 36 years leads him to the gates of heaven. The group he began with as all perished along the way, all except his dog who makes it to the top of the mountain with him. Once at the gate he must past a series of tests, the first being he can only enter heaven if he leaves the dog. He refuses however because the dog was so faithful throughout his journey, he passes that test because the dog was the god Dharma in disguise. The next one he learns his family is in hell and he chooses to join his loved ones in hell, e passes that last test and his allowed into heaven with his loved ones. This idea of passing tests also is evidence for the case that the Mahabharata used the religious and social values of the ancient society, because in that cultural ones actions whether good or bad determined if one was to make it to heaven. Heave was also not a permanent place because of the never ending cycle of life. All of these themes and examples are solid evidence in supporting the claim that the Mahabharata was in fact very reflective of religious and social culture and values of the ancient people that wrote the epic.Time and time again there is evidence sprinkled throughout the entire book that shows the inspiration of the idea for this book, came directly from the ideas and beliefs that were held with the most regard back in those days. Which were fulfilling your dharma, and if you live within your caste system then by that nature you have done good deeds and are worthy of heaven reward . ââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬âââ¬â [ 1 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997),124 [ 2 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997), 124 [ 4 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997),194 [ 3 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata, 1997, 190 [ 5 ]. Narasimhan, Mahabharata,1997),212
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
The Positive and Negative effects of the Industrial...
The Positive and Negative effects of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution had many positive and negative impacts on society. The positive include cheaper clothes, more job opportunities, and improvement in transportation. And the negative would include exploitation of women and children, workers work long hours and environmental damages. These are just a few that I believe had an impact on the Industrial Revolution. England was an ideal place for the Industrial Revolution to begin. It had a great location it was by the water, so it was perfect for employment. It had lots of natural resources; it had a good or rather a wealthy economy and also a large population. Countless people were domesticated workers. Theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Being as everyone was making money meant that everyone was in the same social class. The middle class people believed that they need a raise but employers would use the David Ricardo theory ââ¬Å"iron law of wagesâ⬠which was t o always hold wages to the subsistence level if raises were given it would encourage workers to have more children employers used this argument against pay raises . One of the negative impacts was the labor of women and children. Women wentShow MoreRelatedPositive and Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution1144 Words à |à 5 PagesPositive and Negative Impacts of the Industrial Revolution à à à à à à à à à à à à The Industrial Revolution was a change in the mid-18thà century from small scale, domestic production of goods to machine-based, mass production of goods. It is usually thought of as having mostly or only positive impacts on Europe. Although the revolution did have many positive impacts, it had its fair share of negative impacts as well. Some of the positive outcomes included the overall increase in production and value ofRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution Essay1043 Words à |à 5 PagesDBQ- Positive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700ââ¬â¢s. The Industrial Revolution was a time of new inventions, products, and methods of work. The results of the Industrial Revolution led to many short and long-term positive and negative effects. These results have been assessed from many viewpoints such as the factory workers, the factory owners, the government, and other people who observed the conditions in industrial citiesRead MoreEffects Of The Industrial Revolution On America And England982 Words à |à 4 PagesAs Stephen Gardiner once said, ââ¬Å"The industrial revolution was another one of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization.â⬠The Industrial Revolution was in fact an extraordinary jump in the development of the U.S. It created a foundation for what the U.S is today socially, economically, and politically. The Industrial Revolution played a major role in the industrialization and modernization and still has effects to this day . These effects lead to more trade, better transportationRead MoreThe Positives And Cons Of The Industrial Revolution835 Words à |à 4 PagesIs the Industrial Revolution as Good as We Think It Is? Bill Gates once said, ââ¬Å"If you go back to 1800, everybody was poor. I mean everybody. The Industrial Revolution kicked in, and a lot of countries benefited, but by no means everyone.â⬠The Industrial Revolution was a period in the 18th century led by Great Britain that had a major influence in agriculture, scientific studies, manufacturing, and transportation. As said by Bill Gates, even though the Industrial Revolution benefited many partiesRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution923 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe Agricultural Revolution gave leeway to the Industrial Revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds. Previous landowners and investors of the Agricultural Revolution were able to start or participate Corporations and Businesses to seek great profit. New machinery and technological innovations were frequent due to the demand for faster, more efficient technology. Working class families, who were arguably the sole reason for the grand success o f the Industrial Revolution, moved from theirRead MoreIndustrialization : The Industrialization Of America Essay1650 Words à |à 7 Pageshowever, that has not always been the case. Before America became the industrial dynamo that is today, there were multiple other countries that it had to compete against such as China, England, Japan, and Germany. While each of these countries prospered at some point throughout their technological history, America was able to learn ways to adapt in order to compete against each and every one of them. The Industrial Revolution has contributed to America in a number of ways. It has contributed to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was a Time of New Methods of Work, Invention, Products, and Jobs As Well As Poorer Conditions665 Words à |à 3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution began in late 1700s England. It was a time of new methods of work, inventions, products, and more job availabilities. Thus it was one of the most important moments in history, and it changed the world as it was known. This resulted in the many successes of the 20th and 21st century. Without it, there would never have been all the technology and inventions we now have today such as computers, phones, cameras, or all the new and improved medicines. Agriculture was no longerRead MoreThe Permanent Impact Of The Industrial Revolution1474 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Permanent Impact of the Industrial Revolution It is fair to say, that when we are talking on our cell phone in the car on the way to the mall to purchase a new outfit, it does not usually cross our mind about how we have the ability to be doing such things. We do not consider the fact that we have these means of transportation or communication. Even more so, we definitely do not think about what it would be like to have to special order an outfit after picking the material and being fittedRead MoreThe Positives Of The Industrial Revolution1522 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Positives of the Industrial Revolution While some might debate that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of child labor, it was essentially a positive thing for society. Industrializationââ¬â¢s positive effects were new laws to improve working conditions, production increased, and merchandise became cheaper. There were numerous negatives that the Industrial Revolution brought with it; nonetheless the positives out-weigh it in todayââ¬â¢s society. Because of theRead MorePositive Aspects Compared to the Negative Aspects of the Industrial Revolution1404 Words à |à 6 PagesThe era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England. It is almost impossible to imagine what the world would be like if the effects of the Industrial Revolution were swept away. Electric lights would go out. Automobiles and airplanes would vanish. Teleph ones, radios, and television would disappear. Most of the stocks on the shelves of department
Tuesday, December 31, 2019
Bisleri vs Aquafina - 3562 Words
An Interim Project Report On A Comparative Study of B2B Marketing Strategies Of Bisleri and Aquafina (Industry: Packaged Drinking Water) Submitted to Andal Amisetti Adjunct Professor IMT Hyderabad By Rohit Goyal Ruhi Gupta Gaurav Surana Ankur Sharman Shashwat Parth Gupta 1. INTRODUCTION The tradition of bottled water and mineral water is not very old. Even in western countries the practice of bottled drinking water started in 1950s. The trend of having mineral water gained grounds in the market. Now around 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water valued at around Rs. 200 crores in the country annually. Since ancient time people have used water from mineral springs, especially hot springs, for bathing due toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦* PFA and BIS lays standard for metals like lead, mercury, arsenic, aluminum and barium. Environmental * The use of Plastic for bottled water increases environmental pollution. * The increase in consumption of bottled water causes depletion of valuable fossil fuels. 4. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (PORTERââ¬â¢S FIVE FORCE MODEL) a) Determinants of entry As the Packed bottled water is growing at the rate of 19% in India and is expected to grow from 8000 crores to 10000 crores by 2013 it is the most lucrative and fastest growing sector currently. The market capitalization is 50-50 i.e. 50% by organised players and 50% by unorganised players. There are more than 200 players in the segment: 1- High demand sector. 2- Unorganised labour requirement. 3- Absolute Cost Advantage. 4- Low switching cost. 5- Recession proof industry. b) Determinants of rivalry The rivalry is not only among the top and the organised players in the sector but also among the unorganised players who are weak in brand identity. The major reasons are * Distribution channels * Retailerââ¬â¢s shelf space * Price * Flexible packaging of the water to suite the purchasing power of the consumer. c) Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of the buyers is very high in the B2C and the B2B segment because of the number of players present in the market. d) Bargaining power of suppliers- The bargaining power of the supplier of the
Monday, December 23, 2019
The Telegraph System Enhancing Communication Technology
The Telegraph System: Enhancing Communication Technology in Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula is a novel consisting of various means of how communication is conveyed between the characters in the novel. From diary and journal entries, letters, memorandums, sounds from the phonograph, telegrams, and articles from various newspapers, all of these modes of communication help tell a narrative story about the importance of high power technology that is invented during the nineteenth century. The growth of high power technology is instrumental in Stoker introducing these technologies in his novel. One important technology is the invention of the telegraph which plays an important role in the capturing of the villain in Stokerââ¬â¢s novel although the telegraph system could have played a bigger role in the communication of important information had the characters utilized its services more. Even though the storyââ¬â¢s outcome is a positive one, the use of the t elegraph could have possibly saved lives if not minds. Bram Stoker was born in 1847, studied at Trinity College in preparation of a career with the Irish Civil Service, and graduated in 1870. After college, he dropped the idea of joining the Irish Civil Service and began working as a manager of the Lyceum Theater. Stoker soon found himself engulfed with mass quantities of information that he had to manage on a daily basis. Between having to manage finances of the theater and organize tools throughout Europe and the UnitedShow MoreRelatedWiretapping1150 Words à |à 5 Pages Where are we headed? 5 Where Do We Stand Now Though? 5 Bibliography 7 Introduction Technology is used for a wide variety of things on todayââ¬â¢s society and has changed how we live our lives in many ways. Some technological advances are for the better and some for worse, some both. One example is wiretapping, a very controversial issue of today. Development of Wiretapping Since the use of telegraphs and the invention of the telephone, wiretapping has been a concern. When use of the modernRead MoreUse Of The Telegraph For Military Purposes Impact The Outcome Of The United States Civil War Essay2200 Words à |à 9 Pagesuse of the telegraph for military purposes impact the outcome of the United States Civil War? Joshua Treece Period 5 Word Count: 2,165 Identification and Evaluation of Sources: The investigation will explore the question ââ¬Å"To what extent does Lincolnââ¬â¢s use of the telegraph for military purposes impact the outcome of the United States Civil War?â⬠The years 1861-1865 will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of Lincolnââ¬â¢s leadership and his use of the telegraph during theRead MoreUse Of The Telegraph For Military Purposes Impact The Outcome Of The United States Civil War2460 Words à |à 10 Pagesuse of the telegraph for military purposes impact the outcome of the United States Civil War? Joshua Treece Period 5 Word Count: 2,165 Identification and Evaluation of Sources: The investigation will explore the question ââ¬Å"To what extent does Lincolnââ¬â¢s use of the telegraph for military purposes impact the outcome of the United States Civil War?â⬠The years 1861-1865 will be the focus of this investigation to allow for an analysis of Lincolnââ¬â¢s leadership and his use of the telegraph during theRead MoreCommunication And Human Communication1131 Words à |à 5 PagesHumans, by nature, are social beings. Communication has been a part of peopleââ¬â¢s everyday lives long before conventional language, which are gestural and vocal, was even created. The first uniquely human forms of communication were pointing and pantomiming (Tomasello 2). These forms then have gradually evolved through the means of technology. Technology is known as the practical application of scientific knowledge in order to pro-duce goods and to provide services. This is one of the most powerfulRead MoreWhat differences and similarities existed between the development and the social work of the telegraph and the telephone?3611 Words à |à 15 PagesIntroduction The 19th century developments of firstly the telegraph, and later the telephone, opened a gateway to a new, closer, more interdependent world. For a country as large as the United States, with a population now scattered from east to west, the implications were tremendous. The infamous tyranny of time and distance had been conquered. Widespread acceptance and appreciation, however, were not immediate. Both inventions met with initial scepticism, ridicule, and even elements of fear.Read MoreInternal and External Paper1734 Words à |à 7 Pagesfor the team members so that everyone can deal with these situations. Management has to provide effective leadership, promote team spirit, set in motion bilateral and multi-lateral channels of communication and enroll the participation of its people, commitment and contribution through an appropriate system of financial and non-financial incentives. Functions of Management The four basic functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The internal or external factorsRead MoreNew Technology For Plastic Surgery Emerging1665 Words à |à 7 PagesHowever, the downside is that more adolescents feel they need to undergo these procedures themselves in order to fulfill the ideal body image. These cosmetic procedures may be especially dangerous to an already youthful person. There is always new technology for plastic surgery emerging, and celebrities are usually the first ones to try it, because of their wealth, and because plastic surgeons want other people to follow in the path of these celebrities. Celebrities appear to be ageless as the crazeRead More McLuhan Essays1490 Words à |à 6 PagesMcLuhan Author and social theorist Tom Wolfe once commented on Canadian professor Marshal McLuhanââ¬â¢s mantra, ââ¬Å"the medium is the messageâ⬠saying: The new technologiesâ⬠¦radically alter the entire way people use their five senses, the way they react to things, and therefore, their entire lives and the entire society. It doesnââ¬â¢t matter what the content of a medium like t.v. isâ⬠¦ 20 hours a day of sadistic cowboys caving in peoples teeth orâ⬠¦ Pablo Casals droning away on his cello. How is it thatRead MoreBritish Telecom Case Study.5136 Words à |à 21 Pagesleading corresponding growth in the size and number of information processed. Therefore, the genuine analyses on BT are required for such an important and strategic company. In that assignment, we followed the Systems Design approach which includes analysing the components of the system, brainstorming the alternatives to improve the processes and implementation of the preferred solution. First of all, we presented some information on the history of British Telecom considering the expanding processRead MoreThe Nasa Space Flight Center Essay1505 Words à |à 7 Pageshand-made machine that orbits the planet earth to help in many different ways in communications, documenting information, sending and receiving signals. A satellite is a moon, planet, or a machine that orbit a planet or a star. There are many types of satellites and each one is used for different reasons. Some satellites are used to send and receive television signals. Some other satellites are used in communications by making it possible to send and receive signals from phones, fax, internet and
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Walmart Free Essays
WAL-MARTââ¬â¢S COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGY HISTORY OF WALMART ? 1962, Sam Walton starts WAL-MART ? In 5 years expanded to 24 stores revenue more than 12. 6 million in sales ? 1972, listed in New York Stock Exchange MARKETS OF WAL-MART (2003) o Total Sale of Wal-mart o Total Retail Area o Total Employers US $ 313 Billion 663 Million Sq. ft. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1700,000 SALES INCOME GROWTH (PAST 12 MONTH) COMPANY INDUSTRY SALES GROWTH INCOME GROWTH 12. 00% 5. 20% 11. 50% 5. 90% NET PROFIT MARGINS (%) COMPANY COMPANY 5YEAR AVG. INDUSTRY 3. 6% 3. 5% 3. 6% WAL-MART TODAY ? Operates 6,500 stores in 15 countries ? Serves more than 176 million customers around the globe ? Employs 1. 8 million worldwide ? Health plans insure more than 1 million people ? Saves the average American household more than $2,300 per year Let us start the journeyâ⬠¦. 1960ââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦.. The Success Term was EDLP ? EVERY DAY LOW PRICING ? To provide customers ââ¬â a wide variety of high quality, branded and unbranded products at the lowest possible price, offering better value for their money EDLP : The strategy ? To procure products in bulk at the lowest possible prices from the manufacturers ? Sharing the savings with customers ? Wal-Martââ¬â¢s products were usually priced 20% lower than its competitors Wal-Martââ¬â¢s advertisement describing EDLP said: ââ¬Å"Because you work hard for your every dollar, you deserve the lowest price we can offer every time you make a purchase. You deserve our Every Day Low Price. Itââ¬â¢s not a sale; itââ¬â¢s a great price you can count on every day to make your dollar go further at WalMart â⬠Explaining his pricing strategy Mr. Sam Walton said: ââ¬Å" By cutting your price, you can boost your sales to a point where you earn far more at the cheaper retail price than you would have by selling the item at the higher price. In retailer language; you can lower your markup but earn more because of the increased volumeâ⬠EDLP : WAS A HIT ? This led to increase loyalty from priceconscious rural customers. ? The surplus generated was re-invested in ââ¬â Building facilities of an efficient scale ââ¬â Purchasing modern business related equipment ââ¬â And employing the latest technology Other areas where the cost was checked ? The stores were set up in large buildings, while ensuring that the rent paid was minimal ? Not much emphasis was laid on the interiors of the store ? Did not invest in standardized ordering programmes ? Did not even have a standard distribution system in place ? Accounting data were manually written-up ? There was a high check in recruiting the staff 1970ââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦. ? Wal-Mart became public-held company ? Equipped with funds, it started reorganizationing its business activities. ? The foremost challenge was to put in place a standard distribution and interstore communication system ? So it came up with the most popular Hub And Spoke Structure The Hub And Spoke Structure ? Goods were centrally ordered ? Assembled at the distribution center (hub) ? From where they were dispatched to the individual stores (spokes) as per the orders received from stores. STORE STORE D. C. STORE STORE The benefits of Hub and Spoke structure ? Centralized purchase of goods in huge quantities ? Distribution of them through its own fast and responsive logistics infrastructure to the retail stores ? By passing all intermediaries, they managed to get the goods at lowest price ? The company was able to replenish the store twice a week ? In 1978, Wal-Mart became the first company to establish a fullyautomated distribution center Claude Harris once stated that : ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t ever feel sorry for a vendor. He always knows what he can sell, and we want his bottom price. We would tell the vendors ââ¬Ë donââ¬â¢t leave in any room for a kickback because we donââ¬â¢t do it here. â⬠Massive expansion strategy ? Strategy was to build stores around the distribution centers ? That is to be effectively served by the center and controlled by district managers and to management at Bentonville ? The store needs to be a maximum of a dayââ¬â¢s drive away from the center Benefits of massive expansion strategy Wal-Mart was able to accelerate its revenue growth and reap significant economies of scale ? As the number of store increased the popularity of the company increased ? Since the company generated tremendous word of mouth publicity, it was able to minimize spending on advertising and promotion activities 1980ââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦.. Maintaining cost through re-investment ? In 1983, Wal-Mart ventured into the membership club business ââ¬â called Samââ¬â¢s Club ? Installed the Point of Sale (POS) scanning system to further reduce the cost Maintaining cost through re-investment (contd. ) In 1987, it installed a Satellite Communication System (SCS) ? In December 1987, Wal-Mart opened its first hyper-mart in the US 1990ââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦.. ? Supercenters and Samââ¬â¢s club were more focused to fuel the growth ? In 1994, Wal-Mart bought 99 Pace membership warehouses Wal-Martââ¬â¢s store count (1991-2003) Format________ year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Discount Samââ¬â¢s club stores 1573 1720 1850 1953 1990 Super center 3 6 30 68 143 Neighbourhood markets ââ¬â 148 208 256 419 428 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 1995 1960 1921 1869 1801 1736 1647 433 436 443 564 721 888 1066 219 44 441 451 463 475 500 1 1 7 19 31 2003 1568 1258 525 49 Source : Wal-Mart Annual Report 2003 ? Employed improved inventory m anagement practices and upgraded its IT systems ? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) AND THE RESULTS WERE GOODâ⬠¦. ? Amount of inventory reduced by an estimated $ 2 billion ? Savings of $ 150 million on interest cost were generated 2000ââ¬â¢sâ⬠¦.. ? Wal-Mart launched a programme called ââ¬ËStore of the communityââ¬â¢ ? ââ¬ËGlobal Sourcingââ¬â¢ was initiated (2002) Strengths of Wal-Mart Wal-martââ¬â¢s SUBSIDIARIES Discount stores Neighbourhood market Samââ¬â¢s Club Super center Yearly sales Total employees across the globe (approximately) Number of stores worldwide Number of new stores opened in 2003 (worldwide) Total number of suppliers Wal-Martââ¬â¢s rank/position among all retailers across the globe (in terms of sales) Number of pallets shipped by Wal-Mart truck every week (2002) Total occupied floor area of Wal-Mart (2002) Yearly advertising expenditure (2002) Highest one-day sales record till date (November 28, 2003) Number of customers every week at Wal-Mart stores worldwide (approximately) Estimated market capitalization of Wal-Mart in 2020 Source : Wal-Mart Annual Report 2003 244. 5 billion 1. 3 million 4,688 274 65,000 1 50 million 18. 3 square miles $498 million $1. 52 billion 138 million $11. 1 trillion Revenue (%) of the major consumer goods companies in the US through Wal-Mart Company PG Tandy Brandââ¬â¢s Accessories RJR Tobacco Dialââ¬â¢s Del Monte Foodsââ¬â¢ Cloroxââ¬â¢ Revlonââ¬â¢s % Share (As a % of total sales) 17 % 39 % 20 % 28 24 % 23 % 23 % Source : BusinessWeek, October 2003 â⬠¦. and the journey still continues â⬠¦ PRESENTED BY :~ o o o o o o Prashant Wankhede Prajakta Sane R. Maruthi Yeshwanth Vikram Gharmalkar Mehul Chheda Nitin Agrawal How to cite Walmart, Papers
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